فاعدة if وحالتها الثلاث

[اسماعيل السلاق]

قاعدة If

قاعدة If لها ثلاث حالات ..

الحالة الأولى:

If + Present Simple* will + infinitive.

Ex. If he studies hard* he will succeed.

- تستخدم لحدث مطابق للواقع* أي أن الشخص يذاكر بالفعل* و لكي نربط مذاكرته في الحاضر بالنتيجة في المستقبل نستخدم الحالة الأولى.





الحالة الثانية:

If + Past Simple* would + infinitive.

Ex. If he studied hard* he would succeed.

- تستخدم للتعبير عن إفتراض في الحاضر* أي أن الشخص لا يذاكر في الحاضر و لكننا نفترض أنه إن يذاكر في الحاضر* سوف ينجح.





الحالة الثالثة:

If + Past Perfect* would have + P.P.

Ex. If he had studied hard* he would have succeeded.

- تستخدم للتعبير عن إفتراض في الماضي* أي أن الشخص لم يذاكر في الماضي و أنه رسب. بمعنى أنه لو كان قد ذاكر لكان قد نجح.



Exercise



1- He studies hard. He will succeed. (Join)

If he studies hard* he will succeed.



2- Factories close. Many people lose their jobs. (Join using: If)

If factories didn’t close* many people wouldn’t lose their jobs.



3- Facories closed. Many people lost their jobs. (Join using: If)

If factories hadn’t closed* many people wouldn’t have lost their jobs.

[اسماعيل السلاق]

Conditional Clauses
* Formation : The three principal sentence patterns using ( if ) or ( unless ) are :

- If ( Present simple )*…will / shall + infinitive.

- If ( Past simple )*…would + infinitive.

- If ( Past perfect )*…would + have + P.P.



N.B. - If the if-clause is in the present simple* the result clause will also be in the

present simple* provided that the sentence is expressing a fact.



- For unlikely or improbable conditions* use ( were ) instead of (was).

- Sometimes conditions are expressed by inversion with the use of

( Were / Had / Should ) + Subject…

[اسماعيل السلاق]

Examples


1-If you invite her* she ( come ).

*If you invite her* she will come.

2-If it remained fine* we ( go ) for a swim.

*If it remained fine* we would go for a swim.

3-Unless you guide me* I ( be ) quite at a loss.

*Unless you guide me* I will be quite at a loss.

4-If I ( be ) you* I wouldn’t apologize.

*If I were you* I wouldn’t apologize.

5-Were I rich* I ( buy ) an aeroplane.

*Were I rich* I would buy an aeroplane.

6-Should they arrive late* it ( be ) difficult to find them room.

*Should they arrive late* it would be difficult to find them room.

7-Had I studied harder* I ( pass ) the test.

*Had I studied harder* I would have passed the test.

8-If metals are heated* they ( expand ).

*If metals are heated* they expand.

9-I would be pleased if you ( come ).

*I would be pleased if you came.

10-If I had met him* I ( tell ) him the truth.

*If I had met him* I would have told him the truth.